Swine flu

Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus that infects the respiratory tract of pigs, resulting in nasal secretions, a barking cough, decreased appetite, and listless behaviour.{{more}}

Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu produces in people. Swine flu can last about one to two weeks in pigs that survive.

In a number of instances, people have developed the swine flu infection when they are closely associated with pigs; for example, farmers, and likewise pig populations have occasionally been infected with the human flu infection.

Unfortunately, this cross-species situation with influenza viruses has had the potential to change. Investigators decided the 2009 so-called “swine flu” strain, first seen in Mexico, should be termed novel H1N1 flu, since it was mainly found infecting people.

Swine flu is transmitted from person to person by inhalation or ingestion of droplets containing virus from people sneezing or coughing; it is not transmitted by eating cooked pork products.

It is important to note that the transmission of swine flu that is happening is not due to exposure to pigs, but is associated with human-to-human transmission.

Symptoms of swine flu are similar to most influenza infections: fever (100 F or greater), cough, nasal secretions, fatigue and headache, with fatigue being reported in most infected individuals. Some patients may also get a sore throat, rash, body aches, headaches, chills, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

The incubation period from exposure to first symptoms is about one to four days, with an average of two days. The symptoms last about one to two weeks and can last longer if the person has a severe infection.

Some patients develop severe respiratory symptoms and need respiratory support. Patients can develop pneumonia if the viral infection persists, and some can develop seizures. Death can occur from secondary bacterial infection of the lungs.

There are antiviral medicines available to treat swine flu. There is a vaccine available to protect against swine flu. However, respiratory hygiene is very important in order to help prevent the spread of the virus.

It is important that you cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Ensure that you throw the tissue in the trash after you have used it. Wash hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth, as the virus can spread this way. Avoid close contact with sick people and remember to stay at home and from work or school if you are sick.